What is Impermanent Loss? The Complete 2026 Guide

Impermanent loss (IL) is the opportunity cost of providing liquidity versus just holding. This guide explains the concept, the formula, how concentrated liquidity amplifies it, and how to avoid losing money as an LP.

Impermanent Loss Definition

Impermanent loss is the difference in value between depositing two tokens into an AMM liquidity pool and just holding them. Arbitrageurs rebalance your pool as external prices move, leaving you with more of the losing asset.

Impermanent Loss Formula

For a constant-product AMM (Uniswap V2, SushiSwap, PancakeSwap V2), IL = 2·√(k)/(1+k) − 1, where k = P_current / P_entry. A 2x gives ~5.7%. A 4x gives ~20%.

How to minimize impermanent loss

  1. Pick correlated pairs (stablecoin-stablecoin, ETH-stETH)
  2. Match your range to realized volatility
  3. Check break-even volatility before deploying
  4. Rebalance actively when price drifts
  5. Use a backtesting tool for the full distribution

Tools: IL Calculator · LP Calculator · RangeScout Analyzer · Blog: IL in Concentrated Liquidity · Blog: Black-Scholes LP Pricing