Impermanent loss (IL) is the opportunity cost of providing liquidity versus just holding. This guide explains the concept, the formula, how concentrated liquidity amplifies it, and how to avoid losing money as an LP.
Impermanent loss is the difference in value between depositing two tokens into an AMM liquidity pool and just holding them. Arbitrageurs rebalance your pool as external prices move, leaving you with more of the losing asset.
For a constant-product AMM (Uniswap V2, SushiSwap, PancakeSwap V2), IL = 2·√(k)/(1+k) − 1, where k = P_current / P_entry. A 2x gives ~5.7%. A 4x gives ~20%.
Tools: IL Calculator · LP Calculator · RangeScout Analyzer · Blog: IL in Concentrated Liquidity · Blog: Black-Scholes LP Pricing